The use of some epithet or the name of some office,
   dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when
   his majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say,
   the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an
   appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent
   orator a Cicero.