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carbon
c a r b o n hex:#99;#97;#114;#98;#111;#110;
The Salt of the World?
- Carbon - n. - An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
- Carbonaceous - a. - Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
- Carbonade - n. - Alt. of Carbonado
- Carbonade - v. t. - To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil.
- Carbonade - v. t. - To cut or hack, as in fighting.
- Carbonado - n. - Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop.
- Carbonado - v. t. - Alt. of Carbonade
- Carbonado - n. - A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.
- Carbonadoed - imp. & p. p. - of Carbonade
- Carbonadoes - pl. - of Carbonado
- Carbonadoing - p. pr. & vb. n. - of Carbonade
- Carbonari - pl. - of Carbonaro
- Carbonarism - n. - The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.
- Carbonaro - n. - A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic.
- Carbonatation - n. - The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.
- Carbonate - n. - A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.
- Carbonated - a. - Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.
- Carbone - v. t. - To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's head carboned".
- Carbonic - a. - Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide.
- Carbonide - n. - A carbide.
- Carboniferous - a. - Producing or containing carbon or coal.
- Carbonization - n. - The act or process of carbonizing.
- Carbonize - v. t. - To convert (an animal or vegetable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
- Carbonize - v. t. - To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.
- Carbonized - imp. & p. p. - of Carbonize
- Carbazotic - a. - Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen.
- Carboniferous - a. - Producing or containing carbon or coal.
- Salicylic - a. - Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.
- -retted - a. - Containing two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule.
- Subcarbureted - a. - United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal proportion.
- Dicarbonic - a. - Containing two carbon residues, or two carboxyl or radicals; as, oxalic acid is a dicarbonic acid.
- Incombustible - a. - Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire; uninflammable; as, asbestus is an incombustible substance; carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas.
- Charcoal - v. t. - Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical processes.
- Quadrivalent - a. - Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are quadrivalent elements.
- Valence - n. - The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine, sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of hydrogen is a monad, and has a valence of one; the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and have a valence respectively of two, three, and four.
- Burn - v. t. - To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen.
- Tetrol - n. - A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H4, analogous to benzene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.
- Hexane - n. - Any one of five hydrocarbons, C6H14, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has six carbon atoms.
- Acetylene - n. - A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant.
- Hendecane - n. - A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also endecane, undecane.
- Carburize - v. t. - To combine with carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of volatile hydrocarbons.
- Oxamidine - n. - One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.
- Decarburize - v. t. - To deprive of carbon; to remove the carbon from.
- Trikosane - n. - A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling paraffin; -- so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in the molecule.
- Bessemer steel - - Steel made directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of the carbon and other impurities that the latter contains, through the agency of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; -- so called from Sir Henry Bessemer, an English engineer, the inventor of the process.
- Normal - a. - Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in which no carbon atom is united with more than two other carbon atoms; as, normal pentane, hexane, etc. Cf. Iso-.
- Carbonometer - n. - An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.
- Pentane - n. - Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.
- Xanthin - n. - One of the gaseous or volatile decomposition products of the xanthates, and probably identical with carbon disulphide.
- Unsymmetrical - a. - Being without symmetry of chemical structure or relation; as, an unsymmetrical carbon atom.