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hydrogen
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The Salt of the World?
- Hydrogen - n. - A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.
- Hydrogenate - v. t. - To hydrogenize.
- Hydrogenated - imp. & p. p. - of Hydrogenate
- Hydrogenating - p. pr. & vb. n. - of Hydrogenate
- Hydrogenation - n. - The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.
- Hydrogenide - n. - A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.
- Hydrogenium - n. - Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature.
- Hydrogenize - v. t. - To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.
- Hydrogenized - imp. & p. p. - of Hydrogenize
- Hydrogenizing - p. pr. & vb. n. - of Hydrogenize
- Hydrogenous - a. - Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.
- Bicarbonate - n. - A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called supercarbonate.
- Oxidize - v. t. - To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde.
- Polyacid - a. - Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid bases.
- Microcrith - n. - The weight of the half hydrogen molecule, or of the hydrogen atom, taken as the standard in comparing the atomic weights of the elements; thus, an atom of oxygen weighs sixteen microcriths. See Crith.
- Monobasic - a. - Capable of being neutralized by a univalent base or basic radical; having but one acid hydrogen atom to be replaced; -- said of acids; as, acetic, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are monobasic.
- Hydroxyl - n. - A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.
- Acetyl - n. - A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.
- Bisulphite - n. - A salt of sulphurous acid in which the base replaces but half the hydrogen of the acid; an acid sulphite.
- Hydrosulphureted - a. - Combined with hydrogen sulphide.
- Anilide - n. - One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.
- Mercaptide - n. - A compound of mercaptan formed by replacing its sulphur hydrogen by a metal; as, potassium mercaptide, C2H5SK.
- Hydrochloric - a. - Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.
- Selenhydric - a. - Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen selenide, H2Se, regarded as an acid analogous to sulphydric acid.
- Tribasic - a. - Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monacid base, or their equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic elements on radicals; -- said of certain acids; thus, citric acid is a tribasic acid.
- Hydriodic - a. - Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements.
- Triacid - a. - Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monobasic acid or the equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms which may be acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; thus, glycerin is a triacid base.
- Hydroxide - n. - A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.
- Acetamide - n. - A white crystalline solid, from ammonia by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.
- Antozone - n. - A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.
- Balloon - n. - A bag made of silk or other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the atmosphere; especially, one with a car attached for aerial navigation.
- Hydrosulphuric - a. - Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.
- Ammonia - n. - A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste: -- often called volatile alkali, and spirits of hartshorn.
- Crith - n. - The unit for estimating the weight of a/riform substances; -- the weight of a liter of hydrogen at 0/ centigrade, and with a tension of 76 centimeters of mercury. It is 0.0896 of a gram, or 1.38274 grains.
- Chromosphere - n. - An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.
- Sulphurous - a. - Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds.