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- Polarization - n. - The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity.
- Polarization - n. - A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions.
- Polarization - n. - An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the cell.
- Levogyrate - a. - Turning or twisting the plane of polarization towards the left, as levulose, levotartaric acid, etc.
- Dextrose - n. - A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, C6H12O6 (so called from turning the plane of polarization to the right), occurring in many ripe fruits. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence called invert sugar. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids on starch, and hence called also starch sugar. It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice.
- Dextrorotatory - a. - Turning, or causing to turn, toward the right hand; esp., turning the plane of polarization of luminous rays toward the right hand; as, dextrorotatory crystals, sugars, etc. Cf. Levorotatory.
- Polarimetry - n. - The art or process of measuring the polarization of light.
- Polarimeter - n. - An instrument for determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.
- Levorotatory - a. - Turning or rotating the plane of polarization towards the left; levogyrate, as levulose, left-handed quartz crystals, etc.
- Gyroidal - a. - Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.
- Levulose - n. - A sirupy variety of sugar, rarely obtained crystallized, occurring widely in honey, ripe fruits, etc., and hence called also fruit sugar. It is called levulose, because it rotates the plane of polarization to the left.
- Dextrin - n. - A translucent, gummy, amorphous substance, nearly tasteless and odorless, used as a substitute for gum, for sizing, etc., and obtained from starch by the action of heat, acids, or diastase. It is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar. It is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right; -- called also British gum, Alsace gum, gommelin, leiocome, etc. See Achroodextrin, and Erythrodextrin.