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potassium
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The Salt of the World?
- Potassium - n. - An Alkali element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0. Symbol K (Kalium).
- Tartar - n. - A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc.
- Carboxide - n. - A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium carboxide.
- Rhodizonic - a. - Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.
- Stryphnic - a. - Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.
- Nesslerize - v. t. - To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.
- Pearlash - n. - A white amorphous or granular substance which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.
- Sinigrin - n. - A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid.
- Vitriolated - a. - Changed into a vitriol or a sulphate, or subjected to the action of sulphuric acid or of a sulphate; as, vitriolated potash, i. e., potassium sulphate.
- Potassoxyl - n. - The radical KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and other compounds.
- Vichy water - - A mineral water found at Vichy, France. It is essentially an effervescent solution of sodium, calcium, and magnetism carbonates, with sodium and potassium chlorides; also, by extension, any artificial or natural water resembling in composition the Vichy water proper. Called also, colloquially, Vichy.
- Potash - n. - The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash).
- Potash - n. - The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash.
- Vinasse - n. - The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar, -- used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.
- Chromatype - n. - A colored photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.
- Salicylic - a. - Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.
- Nitroprussic - a. - Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called nitroprussides, which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides.
- Carnallite - n. - A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt.
- Iodide - n. - A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.
- Stearate - n. - A salt of stearic acid; as, ordinary soap consists largely of sodium or potassium stearates.
- Bichromate - n. - A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the other ingredients; as, potassium bichromate; -- called also dichromate.
- Lye - n. - A strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium salts, obtained by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap, etc.
- Sylvite - n. - Native potassium chloride.
- Hydrosulphide - n. - One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.
- Kainite - n. - A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian Saxony.
- Potassamide - n. - A yellowish brown substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.