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potassium
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The Salt of the World?
- Potassium - n. - An Alkali element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0. Symbol K (Kalium).
- Sinigrin - n. - A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid.
- Hydrosulphide - n. - One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.
- Potash - n. - The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash).
- Nitroprussic - a. - Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called nitroprussides, which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides.
- Rhodizonic - a. - Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.
- Vinasse - n. - The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar, -- used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.
- Nitre - n. - A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See Saltpeter.
- Vitriolated - a. - Changed into a vitriol or a sulphate, or subjected to the action of sulphuric acid or of a sulphate; as, vitriolated potash, i. e., potassium sulphate.
- Vichy water - - A mineral water found at Vichy, France. It is essentially an effervescent solution of sodium, calcium, and magnetism carbonates, with sodium and potassium chlorides; also, by extension, any artificial or natural water resembling in composition the Vichy water proper. Called also, colloquially, Vichy.
- Iodide - n. - A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.
- Suboxide - n. - An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide, K4O.
- Carboxide - n. - A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium carboxide.
- Sylvite - n. - Native potassium chloride.
- Potassoxyl - n. - The radical KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and other compounds.
- Bichromate - n. - A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the other ingredients; as, potassium bichromate; -- called also dichromate.
- Kainite - n. - A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian Saxony.
- Rubidium - n. - A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.
- Potassamide - n. - A yellowish brown substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.
- Stearate - n. - A salt of stearic acid; as, ordinary soap consists largely of sodium or potassium stearates.
- Stryphnic - a. - Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.
- Nesslerize - v. t. - To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.
- Tartar - n. - A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc.
- Lye - n. - A strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium salts, obtained by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap, etc.
- Euchlorine - n. - A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy, evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine.
- Chromatype - n. - A colored photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.